Historically, the term " midget" was used to describe dwarfs (primarily proportionate) however, this term is now often regarded as offensive. In the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia, and other English-speaking countries, labels that some people with dwarfism accept include dwarf (plural: dwarfs), little person (LP), or person of short stature (See Terminology). For a person with dwarfism, height discrimination can lead to ridicule in childhood and discrimination in adulthood. In addition to the medical aspect of the condition, there are also social aspects. Many support groups provide services to aid individuals and the discrimination they may face. Individual accommodations, such as specialized furniture, are often used by people with dwarfism. Hormone disorders can also be treated with growth hormone therapy before the child's growth plates fuse. Those with genetic disorders can sometimes be treated with surgery or physical therapy. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Growth hormone deficiency is responsible for most other cases. The most common and recognisable form of dwarfism in humans (comprising 70% of cases) is the genetic disorder achondroplasia, whereby the limbs are diminutive. People with dwarfism can usually bear children, though there are additional risks to the mother and child dependent upon the underlying condition. Intelligence is usually normal, and most have a nearly normal life expectancy. In cases of proportionate dwarfism, both the limbs and torso are unusually small. Disproportionate dwarfism is characterized by either short limbs or a short torso. In humans, it is sometimes defined as an adult height of less than 147 centimetres (4 ft 10 in), regardless of sex the average adult height among people with dwarfism is 122 centimetres (4 ft 0 in), although some individuals with dwarfism are slightly taller. Hyposecretion of growth hormone from pituitary gland ( growth hormone deficiency), genetic disordersĭwarfism is a trait of when an organism is exceptionally small, and mostly occurs in animals.
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